Disclaim

ARIC AIDS Medical Information Services (AMIS)
GENERAL MEDICAL DISCLAIMER

ITEM I. ALL materials published or provided by ARIC, Inc. and its AIDS Medical Information Services (AMIS) are for the purposes of information only! This includes (but is not limited to) information contained in any ARIC public communication in any medium including print, electronic, hypertext, and film, and information given out via mail, E-mail and telephone contacts with ARIC clients and supporters. The information provided by ARIC, Inc. is intended to provide a framework of knowledge within which HIV positive persons, in partnership with their primary care physicians, can begin to build a coherent and effective plan of medical care and treatment for HIV infection and its sequelae. ARIC’s often-stated public mission is “patient empowerment through information;” that is: by providing basic information to People with HIV/AIDS, we hope to empower them to form a partnership with their doctors in making informed decisions about their own personal medical care. We do so because we honestly believe that patients empowered in this manner and cared for by experienced, responsive, and dedicated physicians have the very best chance of long-term survival in HIV infection with the highest possible quality of life. Recent studies have only served to verify and strengthen this belief.

However, information published or provided by ARIC, Inc. is not to be considered medical advice of any kind! ARIC, Inc. is strictly and only a provider of basic factual information on the medical treatment of HIV infection and related medical research. We are not, and do not claim to be, medical authority of any kind!

The state of general medical knowledge of this viral infection changes rapidly! While we make every reasonbable effort to provide medically accurate information, and to have that information independently reviewed for medical accuracy by qualified physicians experienced in the treatment of HIV infection before it is released, the possibility still exists that our information may be outdated! What may be “good” and timely information when we go to press (or upload to our Websites) can become outdated within a very short period of time. We therefore caution all readers to ALWAYS CHECK WITH YOUR DOCTOR(S) FOR CONFIRMATION AND GUIDANCE before attempting to utilize in any way any medical information found on any of our AIDS medical information websites or within any document posted to any of these websites, and within any public or private communication sent by volunteer staff of ARIC by any means, including telephone, FAX, mail, or E-mail, that are made as part of our AIDS Medical Information Services (AMIS) Hotline service.

As a matter of fact, the same holds true for AIDS medical information gathered from any other source as well: it’s just a good idea, regardless of where the information comes from, to bring it to your doctor(s) and have them confirm it. If your doctor(s) are aware of the information they will be able to confirm if the information is correct. And if they are not aware of the information, then there is certainly nothing to lose (and possibly much to be gained) by making them aware of it.

Responsibility for the PROPER use of the information provided by ARIC and/or its volunteer staff rests entirely and solely with the individual user. Neither ARIC, Inc., nor any of its staff or Board of Directors, nor any person whose work appears in any ARIC publication in any medium, may be held liable for damages of any kind resulting from the inappropriate use/misuse of this information. Such “inappropriate use/misuse” is hereby defined as:

“…any use or action of a medical nature that is NOT undertaken in cooperation with, upon the expressed advice or agreement of, and/or under the direct supervision of, an appropriately trained, fully qualified and legally licensed (US) medical practitioner.”

What that means, in English, is this: You cannot hold us liable for injuries you receive as a result of using the information we provide. We require that you bring what you learn at ARIC to your doctor(s). We encourage you, as a patient, to discuss new ideas with, and ask questions of, your doctor(s). When you do that, you become a partner in your medical care with your doctor, and your treatment (and any injury resulting from it) then becomes the doctor’s sole responsibility, as it certainly should be. If you do NOT do that, then you are MISUSING the information we provide, and WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR SUCH MISUSE.

In all medical matters, we STRONGLY urge readers to always consult a qualified, licensed medical doctor of your choice, and to follow that doctor’s advice closely. Ideally, you should choose a physician with extensive experience in the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS, and should look upon this person as your friend and ally in the implementation of all medical treatment. A good doctor-patient relationship is essential to successful medical care, especially in a disease like AIDS*.

If, for any reason, your doctor does not agree with the information obtained from ARIC, you should ALWAYS follow your doctor’s advice instead. NEVER attempt to medicate yourself under ANY circumstances. ALWAYS consult a qualified medical doctor on proper medical care for any condition, especially one as complex and changeable as HIV infection. If, for some reason, you do not agree with advice given to you by your doctor, you should by all means seek another opinion from a new and different physician. But you should NEVER attempt to medicate yourself without the guidance and advice of an experienced and qualified physician ! ! !

ITEM II. In addition, it should be remembered that articles about AIDS medical treatments (or any aspect of medical care) appearing in this or any other ARIC publication do not imply endorsement of any medication, therapy, health care provider, or medical theory. By nature, a medical information service such as ARIC must remain neutral as far as personal preferences for one treatment over another are concerned. That neutrality extends to all writers whose articles appear in our publications. This does not mean that ARIC staff members do not have opinions on AIDS medical treatment matters. It simply means that as we publicly present information on AIDS medical care, we always give an even-handed and unbiased account of any and all AIDS medical treatments. ARIC volunteers always strive to fulfill this mandate to the best of their abilities in all public communications.

ITEM III. Finally, comments and/or opinions stated in any and all articles published by ARIC are solely those of their authors, and do not represent ARIC policy or opinions held by ARIC’s Board of Directors. When and where comments or personal opinions appear in ARIC publications, they are always identified as such and are clearly delineated from the body of factual information presented therein. In the few cases where articles appear to be unsigned, the reader may generally assume that the author is an ARIC volunteer, though this may not always be the case, and still should imply nothing whatever about ARIC policy in general or that of any organization whose informational materials appear as part of this or any other ARIC public communication. Likewise, it should further be understood that the appearance of an individual’s name or image in any ARIC publication is not meant to imply anything about the health status and/or sexual preferences of the individual so named or portrayed.

Acronyms

A List of Acronyms and Symbols Commonly Used in AIDS Medicine1
> greater than
< less than
> greater than or equal to
< less than or equal to
a, A “alpha,” the first letter of the Greek alphabet; denotes the first in a series
Ab antibody
ACTG AIDS Clinical Trials Group
ACTU AIDS Clinical Trials Unit
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ALT alanine aminotransferase (blood test for liver enzymes)
Ag antigen
AP Aerosolized Pentamidine
ASP AIDS Service Provider (also ASO: AIDS Service Organization)
AST aspartate aminotransferase (blood test for liver enzymes)
b , B “beta,” the second letter of the Greek alphabet; denotes the second in a series
BUN blood urea nitrogen; a measure of blood chemistry
CBC Complete Blood Count; a series of tests of blood cell numbers
CBO Community-Based Organization (usually an AIDS service organization)
CBT Community-Based Trial(s) (research funded and run by community hospitals, clinics, or doctors)
cc cubic centimeter, a measure of fluid volume (e.g., a drug solution, blood, etc.)
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFAR Centers for AIDS Research
CMV Cytomegalovirus
CNS Central Nervous System (the brain and spinal nerve cord)
CPK creatinine phosphokinase (a blood test for measuring pancreatic/hepatic tissue damage)
CPCRA Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS
CSF cerebrospinal fluid  (the fluid which surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord)
cu cm archaic notation for cubic centimeter, a standard volume of liquid (see cc)
cu mm archaic notation for cubic millimeter; a standard volume of blood (see cm 3)
d , D “delta,” the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet; denotes the fourth in a series
DHHS Dept. of Health and Human Services (also HHS)
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid (primary nucleoprotein)
Dx physician shorthand for Diagnosis
EBV Epstein Barr Virus
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
et al literally “and others” (implies the existence of additional authors that are usually not listed to preserve space)
FDA Food and Drug Administration
g , G “gamma,” the third letter of the Greek alphabet; denotes the third in a series
GI gastrointestinal (having to do with the stomach, intestines, or the digestive system in general)
g, gm gram (basic metric unit of weight, roughly equal to about 1/30th of an ounce)
Hb hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in the blood)
Hct hematocrit (measure of the number of cells in a given volume of blood; also name of centrifuge device)
Hgb another way to abbreviate hemoglobin (see above)
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (virus that causes AIDS)
HPV Human Papilloma Virus
HSV Herpes Simplex Virus
HZV Herpes Zoster Virus (see also VZV)
Hx physician shorthand for History (as in patient history)
IDU Injection Drug User; previously IVDU (IV drug user)
IFN interferon (a chemical with antiviral properties secreted by some types of immune cells)
IM intramuscular (e.g. an injection in the muscle)
IND Investigational New Drug (FDA certification allowing human clinical trials to begin)
IRB Institutional Review Board (committee that oversees/approves clinical research at hospitals/clinics)
ITP Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (a condition of low platelets)
IV intravenous; literally: “in the vein” (e.g. an injection in a vein)
IVIG IntraVenous Immune Globulin (infusion of specific antibodies, used as treatment or preventive)
kg kilogram; 1000 grams, roughly equal to 2.2 lbs. (see gm, above)
KS Kaposi’s Sarcoma (a type of cancer seen in AIDS)
l liter (a basic unit of volume, equal to about 1 quart)
LFT liver function test(s)
LIP Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonitis (children’s lung disease occasionally seen in AIDS patients)
m 1) “Mu,” 12th letter of the Greek alphabet;

2) micron, or micrometer (see below);

3) prefix denoting ‘one millionth-’

mm micrometer (one millionth a meter)
mM microMolar (a pharmacological measure of the concentration of a chemical or drug substance in solution, denoting one microgram per milliliter; see Molar)
M Molar (measure of concentration of a substance in a solution, denoting one (1) gram of substance in one liter of solution; basic unit of concentration in chemistry and physics)
m 1) meter (a basic unit of linear measurement, roughly equal to a yard, or 36″)

2) milli- (a prefix denoting ‘one-thousandth’)

m2 square meter (a unit of area; just as m3[a cubic meter] is a unit of volume)
MAI Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (bacterium causing the disease MAC, see below)
MAC Mycobacterium avium Complex (disease syndrome resulting from infection with MAI, see above)
mcg microgram (1/1,000,000th of a gram, rarely also mg)
MCV Mean Corpuscular Volume (a measure of the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood)
mg milligram (1/1000th of a gram)
mg/Kg milligram per kilogram (usually of body weight; a pharmacologic measure denoting the dosage of a drug adequate to produce a desired effect
ml milliliter (1/1000th of a liter; see also: mm3)
mm millimeter (1/1000th of a meter)
mm3 cubic millimeter (standard fluid measure of blood or other fluid, equivalent to ml or .10 cc; e.g: a measure of “200 CD4+ T-cells/mm3″ means there are 200 T-4 cells in one cubic millimeter, or one milliliter, of blood)
mRNA messenger RNA (a special form of RNA that carries the genetic code of the active DNA in a living cell from the cell’s nucleus out to cytoplasmic areas where protein is made; there it directs the assembly of proteins in amino acid sequences, according to the genetic sequences in the original DNA strand. Messenger RNA also exists in retroviruses, and indeed is responsible for the creation of viral protein sequences that are used to form viral copies during the process of viral replication in infected cells.)
MTD Maximum Tolerated Dose; the largest dose possible before serious toxicity occurs
NCI National Cancer Institute
NDA New Drug Application (FDA certification that allows new drugs to be marketed under controlled conditions as research continues)
NHL non-Hodgkins Lymphoma  (lymphatic cancer not caused by Hodgkin’s disease; usually B-cell lymphoma)
NIAID National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
NIH National Institutes of Health
NSAID Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(s)
OI Opportunistic Infection (infection which takes advantage of suppressed immunity to cause disease)
pa prescription abbreviation(s) (any of a number of different shorthand versions of various prescription instructions, usually of Greek or Latin origin)

NOTE: see How to Read a Prescrption

pcg picogram (a unit of weight in microscience; equal to one-trillionth of a gram)
PCP Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (AIDS-related lung infection caused by a microparasite)
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
PFT pulmonary function test (test of lung function)
PGL Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy (chronically swollen lymph nodes)
PHS Public Health Service (also USPHS: US Public Health Service)
PI Principal Investigator (the primary research conducting a clinical trial)
PLWA Person Living With AIDS
PML Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy (rare fatal viral brain infection)
PWA Person with AIDS
PWHIV Person with HIV (Also: PWA/HIV: Person with HIV/AIDS)
RBC red blood cell  (red corpuscle, the main oxygen-carrying blood cell)
RNA Ribonucleic Acid (a simpler form of DNA, DeoxyriboNucleic Acid; used as the main reproductive molecule only in very primitive viruses, such as HIV)
RT Reverse Transcriptase (reproductive viral enzyme that allows HIV to copy its genetic information from it’s own RNA to the host cell’s DNA)
Rx physician shorthand for Recommendation (or prescription)
SC subcutaneous (beneath the skin, e.g., a subcutaneous injection)
SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (measure of liver function, see also ALT/AST)
SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (measure of liver function, see also ALT/AST)
SIV Simian Immunodeficiency Virus  (virus that causes an AIDS-like illness in monkeys)
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease(s)  (any disease transmitted by sexual contact)
Sx physician shorthand for Symptom
TIBC total iron-binding capacity (measure of blood health)
TMP-SMX Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim/Septra) (combination of two broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs)
Tx physician shorthand for Treatment
VZV Varicella (Herpes) Zoster Virus (see also HZV)
WBC white blood cell (also white blood cell count)